Biogas engineering is a systematic project that generates biogas from biomass (such as crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, industrial organic wastewater, municipal domestic waste, etc.) through anaerobic fermentation technology, and involves the collection, purification, storage and utilization of biogas. It has a wide range of applications, covering multiple fields including energy supply, environmental protection, and agricultural production.
I. Core Components of Biogas Engineering
Biogas engineering is a complex system, mainly composed of the following parts:
Raw Material Pretreatment System
It crushes, stirs, adjusts the moisture content and pH value of raw materials to meet the conditions for anaerobic fermentation (e.g., straw needs to be crushed to increase the contact area, and manure needs to have impurities removed, etc.).
Anaerobic Fermentation System
The core equipment is the fermentation tank (such as CSTR tank, UASB reactor, etc.). In an oxygen-free environment, microorganisms (such as methanogens) decompose organic matter in raw materials to produce biogas (mainly composed of methane, accounting for 50%-70%, with the rest being carbon dioxide and a small amount of impurities).
During the fermentation process, parameters such as temperature (normal temperature, medium temperature around 35ºC, or high temperature around 55ºC) and pH value (6.5-7.5) need to be controlled to improve gas production efficiency.
Biogas Purification and Storage System
- Purification: Remove impurities such as hydrogen sulfide (to avoid equipment corrosion) and moisture from biogas. Desulfurization towers (dry or wet desulfurization) and dehydration devices are commonly used.
- Storage: Biogas is stored in gas storage tanks (such as wet or dry gas storage tanks) to stabilize air pressure and ensure subsequent use.
Biogas Utilization System
- Direct combustion: Used for cooking, heating, power generation (biogas generator), driving internal combustion engines, etc.
- Deep processing: Purified into bio-natural gas (methane purity ≥95%), which can be integrated into natural gas pipelines or used as vehicle fuel.
Biogas Residue and Slurry Treatment and Utilization System
- Biogas residue: Rich in humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., it can be processed into organic fertilizer and nutrient soil.
- Biogas slurry: Contains water-soluble nutrients and amino acids, which can be used as liquid fertilizer for farmland irrigation, foliar spraying, or discharged after treatment to meet standards.
II. Classification of Biogas Engineering
According to scale and purpose, biogas engineering can be divided into the following categories:
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Household biogas engineering: Small-scale facilities mainly process feces and straw from individual farmers' homes, providing energy for household cooking and lighting. They are suitable for decentralized needs in rural areas.
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Small and medium-sized biogas engineering: Serving breeding farms, villages, etc., they have a moderate processing capacity (e.g., producing hundreds to thousands of cubic meters of biogas per day). They can meet the energy needs of multiple users or small enterprises, and the biogas residue and slurry are used for agricultural production in surrounding areas.
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Large-scale biogas engineering: Processing industrial organic wastewater, feces from large-scale breeding farms, etc., they can handle several tons to dozens of tons of raw materials per day, with large gas production. They are often equipped with power generation, bio-natural gas purification and other facilities to realize commercial operation.
III. Benefits of Biogas Engineering
Energy Benefits
Biogas is a clean and renewable energy source that can replace fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, reducing external energy dependence and alleviating energy shortages.
Environmental Benefits
- Reducing greenhouse gas emissions: If livestock manure, crop straw, etc., are piled up naturally, they will release methane (with a greenhouse effect 25 times that of CO2). Biogas engineering can collect and utilize methane, thereby reducing carbon emissions.
- Pollution control: It prevents water eutrophication and soil pollution caused by direct discharge of manure and organic wastewater, and improves the living environment in rural areas.
Economic Benefits
- Providing low-cost energy for farmers or enterprises, reducing fuel costs;
- Biogas residue and slurry can be processed into organic fertilizers, which can be sold for profit or reduce the cost of chemical fertilizer use, promoting agricultural output growth;
- Large-scale projects can obtain stable income through power generation connected to the grid and bio-natural gas sales.
Social Benefits
- Promoting the development of agricultural circular economy and realizing "integration of breeding and planting" (e.g., manure from breeding produces biogas, and biogas fertilizer is returned to the field for crop planting);
- Increasing employment opportunities (project construction, operation and maintenance, etc.);
- Enhancing rural energy self-sufficiency capacity and awareness of ecological environmental protection.
Providing Organic Fertilizers
The fermentation residues (biogas slurry and biogas residue) from biogas engineering are high-quality organic fertilizers, rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that are essential for crop growth. When applied to farmland, orchards, vegetable greenhouses, etc., they can improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and promote the development of green agriculture.
Promoting Agricultural Circular Economy
It forms a circular model of "breeding (planting) - biogas - planting (breeding)". For example, manure from breeding farms is used to produce biogas, which provides energy. The biogas fertilizer is then used for growing crops, and crop straw can in turn serve as raw material for biogas fermentation, realizing efficient recycling of agricultural resources.
Integrate with smart agriculture to realize automated control of biogas projects (such as intelligent adjustment of fermentation parameters);
Combine with new energy sources like photovoltaic and wind power to build an integrated "energy-agriculture-environmental protection" system;
Upgrade biogas purification technology to promote bio-natural gas as one of the mainstream clean energies;
Explore the efficient utilization of diversified raw materials such as straw and food waste to expand application scenarios.
Address: Huji Industrial Park, Deshang Expressway, Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong Province, China
Business type: Manufacturer/factory, trading company
Business scope: manufacturing and processing machinery
Management system certification: ISO9001:2015 ISO45001:2018 ISO14001:2015
Main products: Ground flare, Biogas flares, flare stack,
Thermal Oxidation Furnace, Flue gas purification equipment
Heze Zexuan Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is an enterprise engaged in the manufacture of special equipment for environmental protection; sales of special equipment for environmental protection; application of industrial automation technology; sales of power electronic components; research and development of mechanical equipment; sales of intelligent instruments and meters; manufacturing of intelligent instruments and meters; research and development and promotion of comprehensive utilization of waste gas and VOCs treatment technology.
The company's main products and service directions: manufacturing of ground torches, elevated torches, waste gas venting torches, biogas torches, three waste incinerators, and wastewater treatment equipment, industrial automation and DCS system applications, wastewater treatment projects, VOCs treatment equipment and engineering construction, petrochemical accessories and instrument sales, petrochemical equipment installation, maintenance and repair, etc.; support product customization services and OEM services in the same industry, from design to manufacturing, installation, commissioning, and after-sales one-stop service.
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